Which communication strategy improves patient safety during handoffs?

• A. Verbal-only handoffs with no notes
• B. Email handoffs after shift
• C. Free-form notes
• D. Standardized handoff communications such as SBAR or I-SBAR

Answer: (D)

Standardized handoff communications provide a consistent structure for transferring essential patient information between caregivers. When handoffs follow a framework like SBAR, the transfer includes the Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation, ensuring that critical elements such as current status, recent changes, potential risks, and required actions are clearly communicated. This reduces gaps caused by memory lapses, vague language, or missing documentation, and creates a shared understanding so the next clinician knows exactly what to monitor and do. I-SBAR adds an Introducer step to clearly identify who is communicating and who is responsible, further improving clarity.

Verbal-only handoffs with no notes, asynchronous email handoffs after shift, and free-form notes all risk missing important details, miscommunication, or delays, which can compromise patient safety. Standardized handoffs are the best strategy because they promote completeness, consistency, and accountability across transitions of care.